Abstract
Background: Indomethacin causes gastric mucosal injury by disrupting mucosal protective mechanisms and promoting inflammatory responses. Melatonin, citronellol, and deferoxamine have pharmacological properties that may contribute to gastric mucosal protection.
Objective: To evaluate the protective effects of melatonin, citronellol, and deferoxamine against indomethacin-induced gastric injury in mice and to investigate their effects on selected inflammatory biomarkers.
Methods: Male Swiss albino mice were randomly assigned to six groups: control, indomethacin, melatonin + indomethacin, citronellol + indomethacin, deferoxamine + indomethacin, and omeprazole + indomethacin. Protective treatments were administered orally for six consecutive days. On day six, gastric injury was induced by a single oral dose of indomethacin (25 mg/kg), and the animals were euthanized six hours later. Gastric injury was assessed macroscopically and histopathologically. Gastric tissue levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) were measured by ELISA, while TNF-α and NF-κB gene expression was evaluated using RT-qPCR.
Results: Indomethacin administration produced significant gastric mucosal injury and was associated with increased MPO levels, upregulation of TNF-α and NF-κB gene expression, and reduced IL-10 levels compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Pretreatment with melatonin, citronellol, or deferoxamine attenuated macroscopic and histopathological gastric damage and modulated the measured inflammatory biomarkers compared with the indomethacin group. These effects were characterized by reductions in MPO, TNF-α, and NF-κB and improvement in IL-10 levels (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Melatonin, citronellol, and deferoxamine demonstrated protective effects against indomethacin-induced gastric injury in mice. These effects were associated with attenuation of gastric tissue damage and modulation of inflammatory responses.
| Has the manuscript been published | not published |
|---|---|
| Intend to be published in the IJPS ? | Yes |
