Abstract
Methods: The essential oil-based nanoemulsion was prepared using Tween 80 and PEG 400 as surfactant and cosurfactant, respectively. The optimized formulation containing O. vulgare and E. globulus essential oils at a 1:1 ratio was characterized in terms of droplet size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, dilution behavior, and physical stability. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and agar well diffusion assays. The antibiofilm activity was assessed using the crystal violet staining method and optical density (OD) measurement.
Results: The optimized combined nanoemulsion, prepared at a 1:1 essential oil ratio and a Tween 80-to-PEG 400 ratio of 4:1, exhibited a mean droplet size of 150.00 ± 0.17 nm, a PDI of 0.280 ± 0.006, and a zeta potential of −21.7 ± 0.004 mV. The formulation maintained acceptable physical stability over 30 days at 4, 25, and 40°C. The combined nanoemulsion inhibited the growth of S. mutans, with an MIC of 2.6 mg/mL and an inhibition zone of approximately 14 mm. It also demonstrated antibiofilm activity, with an OD of 0.188 ± 0.002. The essential oil-free nanoemulsion base showed no detectable antibacterial or antibiofilm activity under the tested conditions.The formulation maintained acceptable physical stability over 30 days at 4, 25, and 40°C. The combined nanoemulsion inhibited the growth of S. mutans, with an MIC of 2.6 mg/mL and an inhibition zone of approximately 14 mm. It also demonstrated antibiofilm activity, with an OD of 0.188 ± 0.002. The essential oil-free nanoemulsion base showed no detectable antibacterial or antibiofilm activity under the tested conditions.
The formulation maintained acceptable physical stability over 30 days at 4, 25, and 40°C. The combined nanoemulsion inhibited the growth of S. mutans, with an MIC of 2.6 mg/mL and an inhibition zone of approximately 14 mm. It also demonstrated antibiofilm activity, with an OD of 0.188 ± 0.002. The essential oil-free nanoemulsion base showed no detectable antibacterial or antibiofilm activity under the tested conditions.
Conclusions: The developed nanoemulsion containing O. vulgare and E. globulus essential oils exhibited acceptable physicochemical characteristics and physical stability, together with antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against S. mutans. These findings suggest that the combined essential oil-based nanoemulsion may represent a promising candidate for the development of aqueous oral-care formulations targeting S. mutans.
| Intend to be published in the IJPS ? | Yes |
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| Has the manuscript been published | not published |
