Speaker
Abstract
Abstract
Background
There is a growing worldwide popularity for injectable cosmetic materials, including dermal fillers and botulinum toxin formulations. Despite general safe consideration of these procedures, they are associated with potential severe complications that could result in permanent aesthetic or functional damage. This systematic review aims to collect recent existing evidence about toxic complications and serious adverse events accompanying commonly used cosmetic injectables.
Methods
A complete search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar databases following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Data were extracted regarding onset, type, management strategies, and outcomes of complications, considering case reports, case series, and observational studies that addressed issues with hyaluronic acid (HA), calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), and botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A).
Results
Commonly reported serious complications were blindness, skin necrosis, vascular occlusion, and
Serious inflammatory responses, particularly following HA and CaHA injections. Ophthalmic damage ranged from permanent vision loss to distorted vision and mostly occurred within minutes.
Delayed inflammatory nodules and granuloma formation were associated with PMMA. Frequent complications of BoNT-A were muscle paralysis and ptosis. Early management, such as supportive measures, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO), hyaluronidase injection, and intra-arterial thrombolysis, greatly impacted the clinical outcomes.
Conclusion
Serious complications from cosmetic procedures can lead to permanent damage, despite their rare incidence. Accurate injection technique, early detection, and management remain important to reduce long-term morbidity. To better establish risk profiles and enhance patient safety, higher-quality research and standardized reporting are required.
Keywords: Dermal fillers, botulinum toxin, hyaluronic acid, cosmetics, complications.
