Rana Ali
(University of baghdad,college of medicine)
Description
Folate is an essential water-soluble B vitamin found in foods, including dark-green leafy vegetables and legumes. Folic acid is the synthetic form of the vitamin present in supplements and fortified foods, namely grains and cereals. Dietary folate exists in a reduced state with polyglutamate side chains requiring oxidation and hydrolysis for absorption, whereas folic acid exists as the oxidized pteroylmonoglutamate form making it readily bioavailable.
Due to its role in one-carbon metabolism, folate has been studied extensively as a possible mechanism for cancer development. Folate as 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF) and cobalamin are required for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine in the methionine pathway. Methionine is converted to S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). SAM is a chief methyl contributor to many reactions in the body, including DNA and RNA methylation.