A wide spectrum of viral infections can affect the mouth and allied structures. In most instances, these give rise to short-term local illness (e.g., herpes simplex infections in immunocompetent hosts); however, infections such as Human Immunodeficiency viruses (HIV), Epstein Barr virus (EBV), and the oncogenic types of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) can cause significant orofacial disease that will increase patient morbidity and possibly lead to early death.