Smart materials and adaptive structures are innovative systems capable of sensing, responding, and adapting to environmental changes. Examples include shape-memory alloys, electroactive polymers, and piezoelectric materials. These materials can alter their shape, stiffness, or properties when stimulated by heat, electricity, or stress. Adaptive structures built from such materials can self-adjust to improve performance, efficiency, and safety. Applications range from aerospace wings that change shape for optimal aerodynamics, to medical implants that respond to body conditions, and robotics with flexible, reconfigurable bodies. Integrating smart materials into mechatronic systems enables advanced functionality, energy efficiency, and innovative designs across multiple industries.
