Dental caries is well recognized as one of the prevailing oral illnesses. Socially and behaviorally, dental caries in young children may be devastating. When it comes to maintaining the equilibrium of the oral ecosystem, antimicrobial peptides play an important role. Salivary antimicrobial peptides promote oral health by their antibacterial, antiplaque, and immunomodulatory properties, which all contribute to the body's innate defense to oral illnesses. Caries is only one of numerous illnesses of the oral cavity that may be diagnosed and managed with the use of cytokines due to their role in influencing the immune and inflammatory response.